250 APPENDIX. 



furnished an excellent introduction to the subject. In his 

 Introduction to Comparative Psychology (shortly to appear 

 in the Contemporary Science Series) he discusses the 

 fundamental problems of mental processes in animals, and 

 the transition from animal intelligence to human intelli- 

 gence. Romanes' Menial Evolution in Animals (1883) and 

 other works by this writer, dealing with the same subject, 

 but proceeding on a different method, should also be 

 studied; and his Animal Intelligence (International Science 

 Series) is an excellent critical summary of the facts. 

 Biichner's Aus dem Geistesleben der Thiere (Berlin, 1877) 

 and Houzeau's Facultes Mentales des Animaux (Brussels, 

 1877) may also be mentioned, and Espinas' Societts 

 Animales (1877), though dealing primarily with sociology, 

 is an original and suggestive study of great value. 



As a general introduction, of a popular but not un- 

 scientific character, to all the various aspects of animal life, 

 J. Arthur Thomson's little book, The Study of Animal Life 

 (.University Extension Manuals, 1892), may be recom- 

 mended. At the end of Mr. Thomson's volume will be 

 found a useful classified list of the "Best Books" on animal 

 life. 



Gardening Ants. 



The operations of various species of Gardening Ants 

 have recently been very thoroughly investigated at Blu- 

 menau by Herr Alfred MoUer, nephew of Dr. Fritz Miiller 

 (" Die Pilzgarten einiger siidamerikanischer Ameisen." 

 Heft 6 of Schimper's "Botanische Mittheilungen aus den 

 Tropen." Jena : G. Fischer, 1893. Herr Moller's work is 

 clearly summarised by Mr. John C. Willis in " The Fungus 

 Gardens of certain South American Ants," Nature, 24th 

 August 1893). 



The ants of Blumenau chiefly differ from those described 

 by Belt in that they form very narrow streets, in which 

 they travel only in single file, and also that their nests 



