34 INJURIOUS INSECTS 



'* Miss Middleton's record shows as follows; "Went 

 into the pupa state September 12th, 13th, and 14th; 

 moths appeared 16th to 22nd, and on to Oct. 1st. 



"After this there was another brood of worms, my 

 description having been taken from living specimens, 

 Nov. 21st. The eggs I have not seen, but from the fact 

 that the young feed somewhat together (though not 

 really in companies) I presume a number are laid 

 together. These worms eat, as a general thing, elongate 

 oval holes in the leaves, gradually extending them until 

 nothing but the larger veins remain. 



"They also bore directly into the heads, to the depth 

 of, or rather through three or four leaves; a habit, so far 

 as my experience goes, wrongly ascribed to the larva of 

 P. rapm, which will seldom eat through even one leaf of 

 a solid head until it is at least slightly loosened. 



" Lime, ashes, brine, salt, elder decoction, and lye as 

 strong as the cabbages can bear, and other substances 

 tried, have even less effect upon them than on the 

 imported Cabbage worm. The lye, fresh made, of strong 

 ashes, did more than anything else tried. 



" I have ascertained that some varieties of the cabbage 

 suffer much less from P. rapm than others, and that 

 bringing them forward two or three weeks earlier than 

 usual so as to have the heads pretty well formed before 

 the full brood appears, is also an excellent plan to coun- 

 teract them." 



The editor adds: This is the first instance which haS 

 come to our knowledge, of Pionea rimosalis injuring 

 cabbage. It is interesting, as illustrating the unity of 

 habit in the genus which essentially feeds on Cruciferm. 

 The larva of P. forficalis, L., is very destructive to cab- 

 bages in Europe, woi-king very much as Prof. Thomas 

 has described in the case of P rimosalis. 



Eemedy for Cabbage Worms. — Of all the many top- 

 ical remedies that have been tried for the Imported 



