OF THE FAEM AND 6ARDEK. 



23 



states that the caterpillars have been found feeding on 

 willow. 



The larva (fig 14) is one and one-half inch long; pale- 

 green, finely dotted with black; a yellow stripe down the 

 back, and a row of yellow spots along each side, in a line 

 with the breathing holes. In England and around Quebec 

 it has done immense damage to the cabbages and other 

 Cruciferm (Cress Family), by Tsoring into the very heart 

 of the plant, instead of being content with the less valu- 

 able outer portion, as some other species are. On this 

 account the French call it the " Ver du Cceur," or Heart- 

 worm. When about to transform, it leaves the plants on 



Fig. 15. — OHBTSALIS. Fig. 16. — ^EAPE BUTTEKFLT (Reris rapce). — FEMAT.K 



which it has been living, and fastens itself on the under 

 side of some stone, plank, or fence-rail, where it changes 

 into a chrysalis in the middle or latter part of Septem- 

 ber, and in this stage it hibernates, producing, in New 

 England, at least, the perfect insect early in April. The 

 chrysalis or pupa (fig. 15) is variable in color, being 

 sometimes yellowish-brown or yellow, and passing thence 

 into green, speckled with minute black dots. The brood 

 of butterflies that emerges from the pupa state in the 

 spring lays eggs shortly afterwards, and these eggs pro- 

 duce caterpillars, which, in their turn, change to chrysa- 

 lids in June, and in seven or eight days more the butter- 

 fly appears, which again lays its eggs for the second 

 brood, which, as before stated, hibernates in the pupa state. 



