OF THE FARM AND GARDEN. 163 



pupa state; and, towards the latter end of July or the 

 forepart of August, bursts forth in the moth state. The 

 different stages in the life of this insect are given in 

 figure 104. The channel made by the young larva in 

 reaching the core, and the cavity it makes in feeding 

 there, are shown. At the upper right hand the ful! 

 grown larva is given, and at the lower right-hand the 

 pupa. At the left-hand side the perfect insect- is shown, 

 with its wings open and closed. The moth is distin- 

 guished from all other moths by a patch of coppery scales 

 at the tip of its front wings. 



The infested fruit does not always drop when the 

 borer leaves it; seeks a place in which to undergo its 

 changes, and in from ten to fifteen days a second brood 

 of moths issues, and the fruit is re-stocked with larvae. 

 The second brood do not issue as moths until the next 

 spring, many of the larvae of the late brood do not leave 

 the apples until they are harvested, and undergo their 

 changes in the cellar. 



Remedies. — The utility of pasturing swine in the or- 

 chard is generally admitted and did all the infested ap- 

 ples fall would be more than the partial remedy that it 

 it now is. Acting upon the fact that many of the worms 

 after leaving the fallen fruit seek a place of concealment 

 upon the trunk in which to pupate. Codling-moth traps 

 have been invented, and some have been patented. One 

 of the most effective traps is a strip of carpet or other 

 coarse woollen fabric, about five inches wide and loni;' 

 enough to go around the tree; this is fastened by a few 

 tacks, which should not be driven home, as they need ti 

 be removed. These strips are examined every ten days 

 and the insects killed. In large orchards the killing is 

 expeditiously done by running the cloths, between the 

 rollers of a clothes wringer. Fruit cellars, and any 

 empty boxes or barrels they may contain, should be ex- 

 amined before May for concealed pupae. 



