OP THE FARM AND GABDEN. 175 



are almost exempt from their voracious attacks, but I have 

 found them about midnight, of a damp and dark night 

 well up in the limbs of these. The habit of the Dwarf 

 Apple and Pear tree, however, just suits their natures, 

 and much of the complaint of those people who cannot 

 make these trees thrive on a sandy soil, has its founda- 

 tion here, though apparently utterly unknown to the 

 orchardist. There is no known remedy; salt has no 

 properties repulsive to them, they burrow in it equally as 

 quick as in lime or ashes. Tobacco, soap and other di- 

 luted washes do not even provoke them; but a tin tube 

 six inches in length, opened on the side and closed around 

 the base of the tree, fitting close and entering at the 

 lower end an inch into the ground, is what the lawyers 

 would term an effectual estoppel to further proceedings. 



" If the dwarf tree branches so low from the ground 

 as not to leave six inches clear of trunk between the 

 limbs and ground, the limbs must be sacrificed to save 

 the tree — as in two nights four or five of these pests will 

 fully and eflEectually strip a four or five-year- old dwarf 

 tree of every fruit and wood bud, and often when the tree 

 is green, utterly denude it of its foliage. I look upon 

 this Out-worm as an enemy to the orchard more fatal 

 than the Canker-worm, when left to themselves, but for- 

 tunately for mankind more surely headed off." J. W. 

 Cochran, Calumet, Illinois. 



The Climbing Out-worm seems to prefer the Apple, 

 Pear, and Grape-vine, though it also attacks the Black- 

 berry, Easpberry, Cun-ant, and even Eose-bushes and 

 ornamental trees. 



The subject is all important to the orchardist, and to 

 those especially who have young and newly-planted trees 

 on a light soil; for there are many who have had their 

 trees injured by the buds being devoured in this manner, 

 who never dreamed of preventing such an occurrence, 

 for the reason that the mischief was attributed to birds. 



