62 ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 
the time of cutting and there was a young growth of one or the 
other kind which had a chance to grow when its competitor was 
removed. Where land is severely burned after being cut over, 
the trees that show first are gencrally the kinds with seeds that 
float long distances in the wind, such as Poplar and Birch, or 
those having fruits especially liked by birds, such as the Bird 
Cherry, which is very widely distributed. These show first on 
account of getting started first. The pine and the other trees 
may come in later owing to their being seeded later or owing 
to the later advent of conditions favorable to their germination 
and growth. It may happen in the case of burnt-over pine land 
that pine seed is distributed over it the first year after it is 
burned, but owing to there being no protection from the sun 
the young seedlings of White and Norway Pine which are very 
delicate, are destroyed. After a young growth of Poplars has 
appeared the pine seed may find just the right conditions for 
growth for a few years and finally get ahead of the poplars and 
crowd them out, while in the meantime it is being much 
improved by the presence of the poplars, which grow rapidly 
and force the pines to make a tall growth. On the other hand, 
however, the poplars, birches and other trees and shrubs and 
even weeds may sometimes make so strong a growth as to kill 
out the young pine seedlings if they are not sufficiently well 
established at the time the mature growth is cut. 
Regeneration is a term commonly used in forestry to sig- 
nily the renewal of forest trees upon the land. It is a convenient 
term and well worthy of general introduction into the forest 
literature of this country. The different forms of regeneration 
may be referred to as (1) regeneration by natural seeding, (2) 
regeneration by artificial seeding, (3) regeneration by sprouts 
and suckers, (4) regeneration by planting seedlings, (5) regen- 
eration by planting cuttings. The method of regeneration best 
adapted for one section may not be at all fitted for another under 
different conditions, and often it is best to combine two or more 
of the different forms of regeneration. 
Regeneration by Seed. Where natural regeneration by 
seed can be easily brought about, it is generally the best practice. 
This is especially true in sections where timber is comparatively 
cheap, as is generally the case in this country. It may be 
greatly assisted by stirring the surface cf the soil in good seed 
