REGENERATION BY ARTIFICIAL SEEDING. — 65 
the best. It gives a chance to adapt the method of cutting to 
the different species and to the different conditions which may 
be found in the forest. For instance, a tamarack swamp, dry 
knoll covered with oak, a steep hillside, and level, rich, rocky 
land, each covered with the trees peculiar to it, would very 
likely all be included in almost any forest tract of any considera- 
ble size in the northern states, and each portion should receive 
special treatment. We can begin with one group or several, 
and we can start our regeneration in each group perhaps where 
there is already a good growth of young trees. In fact this sys- 
tem gives us a chance to begin regeneration where the greatest 
necessity or the best chance for it already exists. 
The size of the opening will depend here as in the strip 
method on the species grown and their conditions. Generally 
the first openings will be from one-fourth to one-half acre or 
more, and the strips taken around it should in width not greatly 
exceed the height of the trees in the strip next to be cut. 
Of course the regeneration in any case should be managed 
with the same care that should be given to any well managed 
forest to bring about the predominance of the most valuable 
kinds under the best light and soil conditions. 
Regeneration by Artificial Seeding. Occasionally it may 
be desirable to sow seed in woodlands. This is especially so in 
the case of some of our nut trees such as black walnut, butter- 
nut and oaks, which readily renew themselves by such means. 
Tn the case of pine and Spruce. however, success is quite uncer- 
tain under such treatment. Perhaps it is most certain with pine 
and spruce where it is practicable to furrow out with the nlow, 
as for instance it might be on some of the sandy lands of Min- 
nesota where furrows might be run between the trees or the 
land loosened in patches with a hoe. In this case the standing 
trees afford the proper shade conditions for the seedlings. In 
the case of clear fields, it is quite a simple matter to sow the seed 
in furrows. Where the moss is thick on the surface of the soil, 
it is a good plan to cut it off in squares, or long strips may be 
sown alter preparation. The seed will seldom grow if it is sown 
in deep or thick moss. Where seed is sown broadcast over 
ordinary forest land the seedlings are liable to be killed out by 
the weeds, which generally come in quickly as soon as the sun- 
light is allowed upon the soil. Pine and many other seeds are 
o 
