PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. 
This book has been prepared especially for the classes in 
forestry in the School of Agriculture of the University of Min- 
nesota. It is really a compilation of the lectures and mimeo- 
graphed notes that I have found useful in my experience in 
teaching the elementary principles of forestry. The word for- 
estry is here used in the broad sense in which it is often used in 
this section and includes much that, strictly speaking, would 
come under several allied heads. In the use of botanical names 
I have followed, so far as possible, those given by Dr. George 
B. Sudworth in his “Nomenclature of the Arborescent Flora 
of the United States,” which has been adopted as the standard 
for the Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations. Oth- 
erwise the Index Kewensis has been followed. But where 
these names are different from those commonly used by horti- 
culturists in current literature the more familiar term is also 
generally given in brackets. 
I have received many kind suggestions and criticisms from 
Dr. Otto Lugger, St. Anthony Park; Hon. L. R. Moyer, Mon- 
tevideo; and Messrs. John §. Harris, La Crescent; Clarence 
Wedge, Albert Lea; F. H. Nutter, Minneapolis, and J. M. 
Underwood, Lake City. Professor Conway McMillan has fur- 
nished many specimens for drawings. My assistant, Mr. 
W. A. Wheeler, has given much carerul attention to the revi- 
sion of the manuscript and has corrected many errors that would 
otherwise have crept in. I am especially indebted to all these 
parties who have aided me in this work, and I wish to extend 
my sincere thanks for their interest and kindness. 
In the preparation of this book I have freely consulted the 
“Silva of North America” (Prof. C. S. Sargent); “Illustrated 
