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ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 
tions of this section as trees grown from seeds from the eastern 
slopes, where the summers are very dry and hot and the winters 
very dry and cold. Our climate is especially trying to trees, 
and it is necessary to exercise much more care in the selection 
of tree seeds here than it is in the more favored climate of the 
castern and western coast states. 
There are Conditions Under Which Every Species of 
Tree Thrives Best and makes its greatest growth, but the trees 
produced under these conditions are not always the hardiest. As 
we reach the limits of their growth, trees have a tendency on 
account of drouth or cold to become smaller, more compact in 
form and to fruit younger; e. g., the Boxelder is a large tree 
in Kansas and Missouri, but as it gets towards the Manitoba 
line we find it becomes dwarfed and more bushy in habit. 
Towards the southern limit of its range the tree becomes more 
open in habit and more liable to disease. The Scotch Pine 
seeds imported into this country are generally saved from the 
small scrubby trees that are found in the higher altitudes of the 
mountains of Europe, because such trees produce the most 
seeds and they are most easily gathered from them, while seeds 
are seldom gathered from the large timber trees of this species, 
and it is very likely that this poor seed stock is responsible for 
much of the scrubby appearance of many Scotch Pine planta- 
tions in this section. 
Trees Have a Strong Tendency to Perpetuate Qualities 
which have been developed in them by climate and soil condi- 
tions. Hence, even though an essential point in considering the 
value of any tree is its hardiness, the question of size is impor- 
tant and should be taken into account, as we generally wish to 
grow trees of as large size as practicable. We may conclude, 
then, that since trees from a very cold climate generally lack in 
hardiness, and those from a very severe climate may lack in 
size, it is best to procure seeds from the best trees grown near 
by or from those grown under similar climatic conditions else- 
where. It is not generally necessary to limit this range very 
closely, as a hundred miles north or south of a given point will 
seldom make much difference in hardiness, unless the climatic 
conditions are very dissimilar. 
The Place Where the Trees that we ate to Set Out are 
Grown is not of so great importance as the source of the seeds 
