8 ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 
seedlings are large enough for permanent setting in forest planta- 
tions or windbreaks. They may be allowed to grow in the seed 
bed another year without injury, but should be transplanted 
before the growth of the third season begins. 
Seeds of Deciduous Trees that Ripen in Autumn may be 
sown to advantage in the autumn; provided, (1) the soil is not 
of such a nature as to become too solidly packed over them 
before spring; (2) they are not liable to dry up or wash out; 
or (3) they are not subject to injuries from rodents, insects or 
other animals. In many locations some or all of these possible 
injuries may make spring sowing most desirable with most kinds 
of seeds. Our most successful nurserymen, however, prefer to 
sow in autumn, and try to bring about the conditions that make 
it successful. 
In the Matter of Storing Seeds it is difficult to lay down 
any exact rule to follow, and here, as in all other similar matters, 
considerable must be left to good judgment. As a rule, how- 
ever, it is perfectly safe to winter over all of the seeds of hardy 
plants which ripen in autumn, by burying them in sand out of 
doors. 
Tree Seeds that Ripen in Autumn may be divided into 
four classes, which require different methods of treatment to 
grow them, viz., dry seeds, seeds with fleshy coverings, nut seeds 
and leguminous tree seeds. 
* Dry Seeds, like those of the Ash, Birch, Hard Maple and 
Boxelder, are very certain to grow when sown in the spring in 
drills as soon as the soil can be easily worked, in the same way 
as recommended for Soft Maple and Elm. If not sown until 
spring they will have to be kept over winter, and when only a 
small quantity is to be kept over this is best done by spreading 
the seeds on the surface of the hard ground, covering with an 
inverted box and digging a ditch around it to carry off the water, 
or the seeds may be mixed with sand and kept in a dry, cool 
place. Large quantities may be kept on dry ground under a 
shed. These seeds will stand considerable drying, but if allowed 
to become very dry, hot, or moist, their vitality may be injured 
or destroyed. 
Seeds with Fleshy Coverings, as those of the Cherry and 
Pium, should be kept from getting dry before planting. The best 
way to handle them is to separate them from the pulp, mix with 
