158 ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 
ment the pine will probably come in unless the land is very 
heavily pastured. 
9. A. has 2,000 acres of land in Northern Minnesota without 
any seeding trees. How can he secure a stand of pine upon the 
land? 
Answer: In such a case the best way is probably to set out 
pine seedlings, pulled from the woods, setting them about twenty 
feet apart each way. This will require about 4oo plants per acre. 
If the work is done early in the spring there should be no great 
trouble about securing a good stand. These trees will be 
crowded by weeds on the land, which may help them to take an 
upright growth, but they should be watched, and the weeds kept 
in check, if they are liable to overcome them. After a few years 
the pine will be improved by the crowding of poplar and hazel 
brush, which is generally found upon such soil. 
to. A. has a half section of moderately good land, covered 
with an even-aged growth of White and Norway Pine. He would 
like to maintain a stand of pine on this tract, not that he thinks 
it especially profitable, but that it would prove an interesting 
experiment. 
Answer: Even-aged pine is very difficult of renewal without 
clean cutting, and it is quite out of the question to handle such 
tracts to advantage on the selection system. There is practically 
no such thing as even-aged pine over large areas in this state. 
It is probable that this land could be best renewed by the group 
or strip methods. The land should be burned over clean after 
cutting, care being taken to protect any good groups of seed- 
lings that may occur. A stand of young seedlings should be 
secured on each piece of land cut over before further cutting is 
done. If grass or brush is coming in too fast, it will probably 
be a good plan to go over the land with a log-drag in August of 
the first good seeding year after cutting, so as to loosen the soil, 
that the seed may have a good chance to start. Grass and weeds 
often prevent the growth of pine seed, or even kill out the young 
seedlings after they are started. 
mz. A. would like to have a good shelterbelt about the build- 
ings on his prairie farm, in central Minnesota, and would like if 
it could be made to furnish fence posts and fuel. He could use 
ten acres for this purpose. 
