202 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 
than the Scotch Pine, and in fifteen years will make a much 
larger and more ornamental tree. Within and near its range it 
is very valuable for ornamental purposes. 
The White Pine yields the most useful timber of the American 
forests, it being especially valuable for sash, doors, blinds, shin- 
gles, etc., and for a general-purpose timber in building and wood- 
working. It is largely used in cooperage, railroad ties, pulp, 
matches and excelsior making. From the bark is obtained the 
compound syrup of White Pine now largely used in the United 
States as an expectorant. 
Pinus flexilis. Limber Pine. Western White Pine 
Leaves five in a sheath, somewhat rigid. sharp pointed and 
densely crowded on the branchlets, falling during fifth and sixth 
years. Cones cylindrical, tapering, three to five inches long, 
light brown; scales thick, one and one-quarter inches broad; 
seeds one-third to one-half inch long, with six to nine cotyledons. 
A handsome tree, about fifty feet high, resembling the common 
White Pine, but of closer, stiffer habit and darker foliage. 
Distribution—Mountain ranges from Alberta to Western 
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. 
Propagation.—By seeds. 
Properties of IVood.—Light, soft, close grained, compact; color, 
light clear yellow, turning red on exposure; sapwood nearly 
white. Specific gravity, 0.4358; weight of a cubic foot, 27.16 
pounds. 
Uses.—The Western White Pine is a handsome tree that is lit- 
tle known in cultivation, but promises to be of some value for 
ornamental planting, and is doing very well at the Minnesota 
Experiment Station, where it has been growing nine years. 
Pinus resinosa. Red Pine. Norway Pine. 
Leaves five to six inches long, nearly cylindrical; in pairs from 
long close sheaths, falling during fourth and fifth seasons. Cone 
ovoid conical, with rounded base, about two inches long, falling 
after shedding the seeds; scales of cone slightly thickened at the 
end without any prickly points; seeds one-eighth of an inch long, 
with from six to eight cotyledons. A very handsome, rapid- 
growing, robust tree, with a straight, uniform trunk covered with 
