PINE. 207 
without shade. It is one of the first evergreens to start on the 
abandoned dry pine land in some sections of this state. 
Properties of 1Vood.—Light, soft, not strong, resinous; light 
yellowish brown in color with thick whitish sapwood. Specific 
gravity, 0.4761; weight of a cubic foot, 29.67 pounds. 
Uses.—The Jack Pine is not a pretty tree, and is seldom used 
in ornamental planting. It is, however, the hardiest native ever- 
green tree we have and is especially adapted to dry, loose soil, 
where it has a wondrous power of withstanding drouth. It is of 
rapid growth when young, which, together with its great hardi- 
ness, has led to its being planted on some of the sandiest dry 
lands of the West. In the timbered portion of Minnesota it often 
acts as a nurse tree for the Red Pine, but too often is liable to 
crowd it out. The larger trees are generally sawed into lumber 
and pass as Red Pine, but they seldom attain a size large enough 
to be profitably used for this purpose, but much of it is used for 
fencing, farm buildings, railroad ties and as fuel. 
Pinus ponderosa scopulorum. Rock Pine. Bull Pine. 
Heavy-wooded Pine. Western Yellow Pine. 
Leaves three to six inches long, rigid, generally in threes, 
but occasionally in twos, falling during third and fourth seasons. 
Cones two to three inches long, grayish, with stout prickles. 
Tree 80 to 100 feet high. The species, Pinus ponderosa, of which 
this is an important variety, is the most magnificent and widely 
spread of Western Pines, attaining a height of 200 to 300 feet 
and a thickness of twelve to fifteen feet, and having much larger 
cones and longer needles than this variety. 
Distribution.—The Rock Pine is found throughout the Rocky 
Mountain region. It inhabits even the dry sand hills of West- 
ern Nebraska and Montana, and is perhaps the hardiest Western 
Pine. 
Propagation.—By seeds, which are large, easily obtained, and 
grow with the greatest certainty if given ordinary treatment. 
Properties of Wood.—The wood varies greatly in quality and 
value. It is heavy, hard, strong, brittle and compact, neither 
coarse grained nor durable; color, light red, with very thick 
light colored sapwood. Specific gravity, 0.4619; weight of a 
cubic foot, 28.78 pounds. 
