PINE. 211 
The wood of this tree is valuable for interior finishing, and is 
largely used in Europe, where it is the common timber pine. 
The celebrated pine of Norway and the Baltic countries is of th's 
species. What has been termed the best form of this, and known 
as Riga Pine, has been partially tried in this country, but thus far 
its superiority has not been demonstrated. 
“This pine yields a considerable portion of the common 
European turpentine. In Germany a fibrous substance is pre- 
pared from the leaves of this and other species of Pinus and 
Abies, called fir-wool, and a volatile oil is distilled from them 
called fir-wool oil, which is considerably used as a remedy for 
rheumatism, chronic catarrh, chronic skin diseases, etc.; in fact, 
generally for the same purposes as the oil of turpentine. The 
leaves are made into wadding and clothing (designated as fir- 
wool from their origin), which are supposed to have some merit 
in the treatment of rheumatic affections.” 
Pinus laricio austriaca. Austrian Pine. Black Pine. 
Leaves two in a sheath, dark green, slender but rigid, four to 
six inches long, falling during fourth and fifth seasons. Cones 
two and one-half to three inches long, conical, not beaked. Tree 
much more regular in outline than the Scotch Pine, the branches 
coming out in a very regular, candelabra-like fashion. There 
are a few cultivated varieties. 
Distribution—Native of southern and central Europe. 
Propagation—By seeds, seedlings require shading when 
young. 
Properties of Wood.—Light, soft, durable, very rich in turpen- 
tine. Specific gravity, air dried, 0.57. 
Uses.—The Austrian Pine is very desirable for planting in 
this section, rather longer lived and perhaps hardier than the 
Scotch Pine, and of a much darker color, resembling most 
closely the Norway Pine. 
Pinus montana pumila. (7. mughus.) Dwarf Pine. 
Dwarf Mountain Pine. 
Leaves dark green, crowded, stiff, twisted, about two inches 
long, falling during fifth, sixth and seventh years. Cones usually 
in pairs, nearly two inches long, tapering, with slight points to 
