230 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 
years on the grounds of the Minnesota Experiment Station with- 
out serious injury, and has made pretty specimens about six feet 
high and nearly as broad. It undoubtedly prefers a moist soil, 
though it has done very well on good retentive upland. The 
wood is of very little valuc, but is used within its range for cheap 
packing cases, etc. 
Genus THUJA. 
Flowers mostly monoecious, on different branches in small 
terminal catkins, opening in May; anther cells, two to four. 
Scales of the pistillate flowers, eight to twelve. Ovules, two to 
four. Fruit an erect, dry, loose cone, from one-third to one-half 
of an inch long, maturing in the autumn of the first season, but 
remaining on the branch until the appearance of the new growth 
the following spring. Seeds oval, about one-eighth of an inch 
wide, and winged all round. Leaves evergreen, small, awl or 
scale shaped, closely imbricated and appressed so as to make a 
flat two-edged branchlet. On the leading shoots the leaves are 
often one-quarter of an inch long. A small genus of evergreen 
trees and shrubs. Only one species, the Arborvite, comes within 
our range. 
Thuja occidentalis. Arborvitze. White Cedar. 
A tree fifty or sixty feet high, seldom two feet in diameter, but 
occasionally much larger than this. ‘There are many varieties, 
the most of which are characterized by some peculiar habit of the 
branches or by peculiar coloring of the leaves. 
Distribution —From the valley of the St. Lawrence to north- 
ern Pennsylvania and North Carolina, and from the Atlantic to 
Central Minnesota. A very common tree in cold swamps 
and along river banks and lake shores where the soil is moist. 
In Minnesota very common in the northeastern portion, west to 
Roseau county and south to the south shore of Mille Lacs and 
the mouth of Snake river. It also occurs occasionally as far 
south as the southeastern portion of Winona county. In some 
sections, as along the Mississippi river, in the northern part of 
Aitkin county, it covers large areas with an almost impenetrable 
growth, which are known as cedar swamps. Not found in the 
western or southwestern parts of this state. 
