JUNIPER. 283 
Thuja occidentalis aurea. Douglas Golden Arbor- 
vite. 
In habit like the species, but with a bright yellow color to the 
leaves; conspicuous and pretty; rather more tender than the 
species and occasionally sunscalds severely. 
Genus JUNIPERUS. 
A large genus of evergreen trees and shrubs. Flowers naked, 
dioecious, axillary or terminal. Fruit a fleshy cone, in some 
species resembling a berry or drupe more than a true cone. 
Juniperus virginiana. Red Juniper. Red Cedar. Savin. 
Leaves small, evergreen, opposite, scale-like and awl-shaped, 
the former sort minute, the latter about one-half inch long and 
spreading. Flowers dioecious, or very rarely monoecious; the 
small solitary catkins upon lateral twigs appearing in this section 
in May. Fruit a small dark colored fleshy berry-like cone with 
a light bluish bloom, maturing late in the fall of the first year. 
Fruit, leaves and wood are aromatic and resinous. 
Distribution—It is the most widely distributed conifer of 
North America. It ranges from the Atlantic to the Rocky 
Mountains and from Northern Minnesota to Florida. In West- 
ern Louisiana and Texas it makes a tree sometimes eighty feet 
‘high and three or more feet in diameter, but it is usually very’ 
much smaller. In this section it is nowhere abundant, rarely 
thirty feet high, and generally short and bushy. In the north of 
its range it grows on dry land, while in the south it is often found 
in swamps, but it is not particular about soil. 
Propagation.—By seeds. For planting the berries should be 
gathered in autumn, then bruised and mixed with an equal or 
greater bulk of wet wood ashes cr strong lye. In three weeks 
the ashes or lye will have cut the resinous gum so that the seeds 
can be washed clean. They should then be stratified over winter, 
and be sown in the spring, as recommended for coniferous seeds 
in general. The bed should be covered with mulch for the first 
season, as the seeds do not usually start until the second year. 
There are a number of varieties which may be propagated by 
cuttings of the young wood or by layers, 
