KLM. 303 
branches generally with corky ridges or wings. Flowers in 
April, in open loose racemes with slender pedicels not in clus- 
ters. Fruit ripe in May, an ovate elliptical samara about three- 
fourths of an inch long, pubescent, with margins thickly fringed, 
much like the fruit of the White Elm, but somewhat larger. 
Occasionally a tree eighty to one hu: .red feet high and three 
feet in diameter. 
Distribution—From Quebec, Ontario, Vermont and northern 
New York west to Minnesota and south to Missouri and Ten- 
nessee. 
In Minnesota frequent in the eastern part and extending 
into the Minnesota Valley west at least to Montevideo, Chip- 
pewa county. 
Propagation.—Described under genus Ulmus. 
Properties of wood.—Heavy, hard, very strong and tough, 
close grained, susceptible of receiving a high polish, very diffi- 
cult to split. It is light brown, with yellowish or greenish 
white sapwood. Specific gravity 0.7265; weight of a cubic foot 
45.63 pounds. 
Uses.—As an ornamental tree the Cork Elm is occasionally 
used in place of the White Elm, and though a slower grower 
its great hardiness and sturdy form make it very desirable for 
park and street planting. It should be used more frequently 
than at present. The wood, having so many valuable qualities, 
is much sought for, and its extinction seems possible. It is 
largely used in the manufacture of large agricultural imple- 
ments, like plows and threshing and mowing machines, for 
beams of stump pullers, bridge timbers, piles, wagon hubs, rims 
of bicycle wheels and ax handles. For the latter purpose it is 
superior to hickory. In fact, it is superior to most other woods 
wherever great strength, toughness, solidity, flexibility and 
durability are required. 
Ulmus pubescens. (l. /u/va.) Slippery Elm. Red 
Elm. Moose Elm. 
Leaves ovate-oblong, doubly serrate, very rough above and 
slightly rough or soft downy beneath, often four to six inches 
long, taper-pointed, trough shaped, turning to a dull yellow 
before falling, fragrant while drying.‘ Buds before expansion 
soft, downy, large; branchlets downy. Flowers in April, borne 
