B14 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 
Minnesota common through the northern part of the state, ex- 
tending south to Pine and Mille Lacs counties. 
Propagation.—The species is grown from seeds and the varie- 
ties by budding and grafting. The seeds may be gathered dur- 
ing the autumn, stratified over winter and sown in the spring, 
but seeds thus treated will seldom start until the second sea- 
son. A better way is to put the seeds ten inches deep in a 
hole, and cover with three inches of sand in the autumn. They 
should remain in such a place until a year trom the follow- 
ing spring, when the berries will be thoroughly rotted and the 
seeds may be sifted out from the pulp and sown. Thus treated, 
they come up the season of planting. 
Properties of wood.—Soft, light and weak, pale brown with 
lighter colored sapwood. Specific gravity 0.5451; weight of 
a cubic foot 33.97 pounds. 
Uses —The American Mountain Ash is used as an orna- 
mental tree on account of its abundant bright colored fruit, but 
is not so pretty in this respect as the European or Elderleaf 
Mountain Ash. The trunk of the tree is liable to sunscald, 
and when planted in exposed places it should be encouraged to 
send up sprouts from the roots and from the lower parts of the 
trunk. Treated in this way it forms a large shrub of great 
value from an ornamental point of view, and is very hardy 
even in exceedingly severe locations. The fruit is astringent. 
It is used in some homeopathic and domestic remedies. The 
wood is sometimes used as a veneer in cabinet work. 
Pyrus sambucifolia. Elderleaf Mountain Ash. 
Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets seven to filteen, oblong-ovate, 
mostly obtuse. Flowers appear in July, in small dense pubes- 
cent cymes. ‘The fruit is globose, bright scarlet, and some- 
times nearly a half inch in diameter. It is produced in dense 
red-branched clusters, and remains on the tree into the winter. 
A small tree that is often mistaken for Pyrus americana, from 
which it is best distinguished by its smaller cymes, its larger 
and later flowers and its more obtuse and broader leaflets. 
Distribution—Ilt is found growing from southern Greenland 
to Labrador and northern New England, along the northern 
shores of the Great Lakes to Little Slave Lake, through the 
