318 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 
fully ripe, sweet and edible. A tree sometimes reaching a 
height of fifty feet, but seldom over twenty-five feet, and often 
a mere shrub. 
Distribution.—From Newfoundland westward along the north- 
ern shores of the Great Lakes to eastern Nebraska, and south 
to Florida and Louisiana. 
Propagation.—The species by seeds and the varieties by suck- 
ers, layers and cuttings. 
Propertics of wood.—Heavy, very hard, close-grained, sus- 
ceptible of a good polish; dark brown in color, with thick 
lighter-colored sapwood. Specific gravity 0.7838; weight of a 
cubic foot 48.85 pounds. 
Uses.—The profusion of white flowers produced by the Serv- 
iceberry in early spring makes it a pretty ornamental tree or 
shrub at that time of the year. It may be planted to supply 
food for the birds or to produce fruit for home use. The 
wood is occasionally used for handles of tools or other small 
implements. 
Varicties—Amelanchicr canadensis varies considerably in the 
form of the leaves, size of flowers and fruit and in habit of 
growth. ‘The following is the most distinct of these varieties. 
Amelanchier canadensis obovalis. Longleaf Service- 
tree. Dwarf Juneberry. Suscutanberry. 
Leaves oblong or broadly elliptical, acute or rounded at the 
apex, remotely serrate or nearly entire below the middle, coated 
at first on the lower surface with thick white tomentum. Flow- 
ers smaller-than those of the species. A small bush or tree 
common in Quebec, Ontario and the Northeastern States, and 
in localities westward to the Mackenzie river, North Dakota, 
Minnesota and Missouri. A dwarf form of this, with large 
fruit, is cultivated to some extent through the Northern States. 
The Indians of Minnesota and Dakota gather the berries in 
rather large quantities and sell small quantities in some of the 
remote towns. 
Amelanchier alnifolia. Western Serviceberry. Ser- 
viceberry. 
Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or rarely acute, coarsely dentate 
or serrate towards the apex. Flowers in erect rather dense 
