DOTTED HAW. 319 
racemes. Fruit dark blue or almost black, sweet and juicy. 
A shrub or small tree which in the eastern limits of its range 
is hardly distinguishable from some of the broad-leaved forms 
of Amelanchicr canadensis. 
Distribution —From the valley of the Yukon river south 
through the coast ranges to southern California and east to 
Michigan and Nebraska. 
Propagation.—By seeds and suckers. 
Propertics of wood.—Very heavy, hard and close grained, 
light brown. Specific gravity 0.8262; weight of a cubic foot 
51.55 pounds. 
Uses.—The fruit as found in the wild state is gathered by the 
Indians and used by them for food. 
Genus CRAT AGUS. 
Leaves alternate, simple, lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers 
mostly in terminal corymbs, regular, perfect, white or rarely 
rose colored. Fruit a fleshy, drupe-like pome, containing one 
to five hard one-seeded carpels, and having on its summit the 
persistent calyx lobes. Small trees or shrubs, armed with 
thorns. It is very difficult to identify accurately the species of 
this genus on account of their varying and conflicting charac- 
teristics. "There are undoubtedly six or more species in Minne- 
sota, and they are now being studied by specialists, but are not 
accurately defined. 
Propagation.—The fruit should be stratified over winter be- 
fore sowing the seeds, which seldom germinate until the second 
year. 
Crategus punctata. Dotted Haw. 
Leaves wedge-obovate or ovate, midribs and principal veins 
prominent on lower surface. Petioles more or less winged. 
Flowers in broad corymbs, appearing about June Ist. Each 
flower has twenty stamens, which characteristic seems to be 
constant. Fruit dull red, one-half to one inch in length, flesh 
dry; ripens in late autumn. A tree twenty ‘to thirty feet high, 
with branches that come out nearly at right angles, and often 
a broad flat top. Thorns on the older branches and trunks 
generally compound and gray in color. 
