COFFEETREE, 351 
but is likely to kill back in severe winters, though the roots are 
very hardy and generally renew the top the season following any 
winter injury. In Towa and Missouri it forms a large tree, 
often three feet through the trunk. The one-year-old seedlings 
are rather tender the first winter, and should be dug and hecled 
in or heavily mulched at the end of the first season, after which 
they are rather hardy. 
Genus GYMNOCLADUS. 
Gymnocladus dioicus. (U. canadensis.) Coffeetree. 
Kentucky Coffeetree. 
Leaves very iarge, two to three feet long, twice pinnate, each 
partial leaf stalk bearing seven to thirteen ovate leaflets, the 
lowest pair with single leaflets. The leaflets stand verticaily. 
The color of the leaves is a bluish green. The flowers are 
dioecious or polygamous, whitish, borne in large racemes which 
are much longer on the fertile than on the sterile trees. Fruit 
a large flat pod, containing large seeds over one-half inch in 
diameter, surrounded by a thick layer of dark colored sweet 
pulp. The fruit generally remains unopened on the tree all 
winter. Flowers appear from May to July. 
Distribution.—One of the rarest forest trees of North America, 
found growing from western New York and soutuern Ontario 
west to the Minnesota Valley, and eastern Nebraska and south 
between the Mississippi river and the Allegheny Mountains to 
Tennessee. In Minnesota it is found sparingly in southern and 
southeastern portions of the state north to near St. Paul and as 
far west as New Ulm. 
Propagation.—Grown from root cuttings or from seeds, which 
should be scalded before being sown, as recommended for the 
seeds of Locust. 
Propertics of wood.—Heavy, not very hard, strong, coarse 
grained, likely to check in drying, but very durable in contact 
with the ground. It can be easily worked, and takes a good 
polish. It is rich brown in color, with thin rather lighter 
colored sapwood. Specific gravity 0.6934; weight of a cubic 
foot 43.21 pounds. 
Uses.—The Coffeetree is graceful and ornamental when in 
leaf, aud in winter is interesting from its peculiar naked and 
