BOS TREES OF MINNESOTA. 
to plantings. It has proved a very satisfactory tree in this 
section, and has endured drouth well at the Minnesota Experi- 
ment Station and at the Coteau Farm in Lyon county, Minne- 
sota, and in South Dakota. 
OLEACEAE. OLIVE FAMILY. 
Genus FRAXINUS. 
Leaves opposite, petioled, odd-pinnate with three to filteen 
toothed or entire leaflets. Flowers small, dicecious or polyga- 
mous and apetalous in racemes or panicles from the axils of 
last year’s leaves; stamens two; ovary two-celled. Fruit a 
flattened samara, winged at the apex, usually one-seeded. 
Propagation.—By seed, which may be sown as gathered in 
autumn, or which may be stratified over winter and sown in 
in the spring. A good way to keep these seeds over winter is 
to place them on the surface of a garden walk, putting a box 
over them and cutting a trench around the box to keep the 
water away. They will not grow if kept too dry. 
Fraxinus americana. White Ash. 
Leaves with seven to nine leaflets, which are usually rounded 
at the base and generally entire in outline or very slightly ser- 
rate. Flowers dicecious, appearing with or rather before the 
leaves. Fruit ripe in autumn, cylindrical and winged at one 
end and surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx. The 
bark on the young twigs is rather dark, nearly smooth and free 
from spots. A large and valuable tree, commonly confounded 
in this section with the Green Ash and the Red Ash, both of 
which, however, are smaller trees and much hardier, produce 
seed at an earlier age and in larger quantities, and altogether 
are better adapted to prairie planting than the White Ash. 
Distribution.—From Nova Scotia west to northern Minne- 
sota and eastern Nebraska and south to northern Florida and 
Texas. In Minnesota the White Ash appears to be a rare tree. 
In the western part of the state and in the Dakotas it is wholly 
replaced by Green Ash, or what secms to be a hopeless mixture 
of Green Ash and Red Ash, 
