366 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 
occasionally killed to the ground, but generally renew them- 
selves by sprouts from the roots. The Catalpa is, however, 
unfit for a street tree in Minnesota; but may often be used in 
protected locations in parks and lawns, where it is valuable for 
variety in foliage and for its beautiful flower clusters. It is of 
remarkably rapid growth when young and has been used in 
some of the most successful tree plantings that have been made 
in Kansas and southern Iowa. The wood is used for railway 
ties, fence posts and rails, and occasionally for furniture and 
inside finish of houses. 
The Hardy or Westein Catalpa was for a long time con- 
founded with the Catalpa of the Eastern States (C. bignontoides), 
which is not nearly so hardy. 
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 
A family of a few hundred species, including such well-known 
plants as the common Elder (Sambucus), the Snowberry (Sym- 
phoricarpus) and the Honeysuckle (Lenicera). 
Genus VIBURNUM. 
Small trees or shrubs with simple opposite leaves. Flowers 
perfect or neutral; calyx equally five-toothed, persistent; corolla 
five-lobed; stamens five; ovary inferior, one-celled. Fruit a 
dry or fleshy one-seeded drupe; seed flattened. This genus 
includes the well-known Snowball, which is a sterile form of 
the Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum opulus). 
Viburnum lentago. Sheepberry. Black Haw. Nanny- 
berry. 
Leaves ovate-acuminate, petioles usually winged. Flowers 
perfect, in flat clusters from three to, five inches across, slightly 
fragrant, appearing the latter part of May or first of June in 
this section; corolla cream-colored or nearly white, one-fourth 
inch across when open; filament thick; stigma broad. Fruit 
borne in drooping clusters, oval, about one-half inch long, 
