GLOSSARY. 379 
Baummesser. An instrument for measuring the height of the 
trees, height and diameter at any part on the stem of a 
standing tree. 
Berry. Botanically a fleshy fruit. (e. g. Grape, Currant.) 
Commonly applied to many kinds of fruits. (e. g. Straw- 
berry, Mulberry.) 
Blade of a leaf. The expanded portion; the wings. 
Blight. The dying without apparent cause of the tenderer parts 
of plants. 
Board-foot. The unit of board measure; equivalent to a board 
12 in. X 12 in. x I in. One cubic foot is considered as 
equivalent to ten board feet, allowing for waste in working. 
B. M. Abbreviation jor board measure. (q. v.) 
Board-measure. (B. M.) The system used by lumbermen in 
which the board-foot (q. v.) is the unit. 
Bract. A much reduced leaf. 
Broad-leaved trees. Applies to trees whose leaves have a broad 
flat surface, unlike the needle or awl-shaped leaves of the 
conifers. 
Budding. ‘The operation and process of inserting a bud with the 
intention that it shall grow. 
Bud-division. A term including all methods of propagation ex- 
cept by seed. (e. g. Grafting, Layering, etc.) 
Bud-variety. A strange variety or form appearing without obvi- 
ous cause upon a plant or in cuttings or layers; a sport. 
A bud-variety springs from a bud in distinction from a 
seed-variety, which springs from a seed. 
Callus. The new and protruding tissue which forms over a 
wound as over the end of a cutting. 
Calyx. Outer circle of periauth, generally inconspicuous. 
Cambium. In trees and shrubs, the layer of new growing tissue 
between the bark and wood. 
Cants. A term used in mills to designate the pieces cut from the 
sides of a log and which are to be again cut into quarter- 
sawed lumber. It is sometimes also applied to the squared 
centerpiece of the log. 
Carbon dioxide. A gas composed of one part of carbon to two 
parts of oxygen; carbonic acid gas. 
Carpel. A simple pistil, or one of the divisions of a compound 
pistil. 
