GLOSSARY. 38 
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Rudimentary. Imperfectly developed or in an earty state of de- 
velopment. 
Samara. A winged fruit. (e. g. Maple.) 
Saprophyte. A plant which lives upon and obtains its food from 
dead organic matter. 
Sapwood. The outer or latest formed wood of a woody plant. 
(Page 12.) 
Sawing. The two methods used in sawing are termed tangential 
sawing and quarter sawing, q. v. 
Scion. The part inserted in the stock in the various processes 
of graftage. 
Seed. The body containing the'embryo plant; the ripened ovule. 
Seedling. In nursery practice a young plant grown from seed 
and not having been transplanted. 
Seeding tree. A tree, sufficiently mature, to produce fruit. 
Seed variety. A variety that comes true from seed. 
Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx. 
Serrate. Saw-toothed. (e. g. leaves of Balm of Gilead.) 
Sessile. Without stalk. 
Sheath. In pines, the case-like part surrounding the base of the 
needle cluster. 
Shrub. A woody plant with no main stem or trunk; a bush. 
Silver grain. Bands or plates of medullary rays exposed radi- 
ally on longitudinal section. 
Simple. Composed of one part; not compound. 
Sinuate. Strongly wavy. 
Sinus. An indentation. 
Solar-pit. (Page 89.) 
Spatulate. Shaped like a spatula; broadly rounded at the apex; 
tapering toward the base. 
Species. A division of a genus, the plants of which seem to be 
derived from an immediate common ancestor. 
Species class. A group of trees of the same species made in for- 
est survey. 
Specific gravity. Weight compared with distilled water at 4 
degrees Centigrade. Where used here with reference to 
wood it refers to absolutely dry wood unless otherwise 
noted. 
Spike. A simple dense raceme-like inflorescence with flowers 
sessile or nearly so. 
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