388 GLOSSARY. 
Spore. A reproductive body, commonly applied to those borne 
by plants that do not produce seed. Analogous but not 
homologous to a seed. 
Stamen. Pollen-bearing organ of a flower. 
Staminate. Said of flowers bearing stamens, but no _ pistils. 
Often used synonymously with male. 
Stem. The main axis or one of the main axes of a plant. It 
may be underground or aerial. Commonly used in place 
of petiole, pedicel and peduncle. 
Sterile. Not fertile; not able to reproduce. 
Stigma. The part of the pistil upon which the pollen falls and 
germinates. 
Stipule. A leaf appendage at the base of the blade or petiole; 
not always present. (e. g. Black Willow.) 
Stock plants. Plants used to propagate from. 
Stoma. (pl. Stomata) Breathing pores of leaves. 
Stratification. A method of storing seeds with alternate layers of 
some other material, as sand or leaves. (Page 76.) 
Strobilus or Strobile. A cone. (e. g. Pine, Lycopodium.) 
Stunpage. The standing timber. 
Style. The stalk, if present, that joins the stigma to the ovary. 
Sucker. A shoot from an underground root or stem; often ap- 
plied to an adventitious shoot above ground. 
Sunscald. (Page 112.) 
Superior. Applied to ovary when attached on a level or above 
the other parts of the flower. (e. g. Ohio Buckeye.) 
Surveyor general. The officer whose duty it is to measure or to 
direct the measurement of logs and lumber. 
Tangential sawing. The common way of cutting logs by which 
the boards on each side of the center board are sawed by 
a cut that is tangent to the annual rings. This method 
serves to bring out the grain of wood most conspicuously. 
Tap-root. A central root running deep into the soil. 
Tensile strength. The force which resists breaking or drawing 
asunder. 
Tent-caterpillars. Caterpillars that build silky-like tents on trees 
and other plants. 
Thorn. A hardened sharp-pointed branch. 
Tomentose. Clothed with matted woolly hair. 
Top-worked. Said of trees that are grafted or budded at some 
distance above the ground. 
