CATTLE PROBLEiS EIPLAINED. 



OHAPTEE I. 



History of Hand-milking and UDOER-fiRowTH. 

 Udder Expansion Results from Storage of Yield. 



In considering the large udders of Dair)' cows at the 

 present day, in comparison with the small bags of cows 

 that are not hand-milked, but used only in connection 

 with breeding, as a temporary reservoir for holding a few 

 pints of milk for frequent suckling of the calf during its 

 teething, we see a great contrast in size between the latter, 

 and the large bags of good Dairy cows. The difference in 

 size between hand-milked udders and udders that are not 

 hand-milked is extensive — ranging from two to four or fi\'e 

 times the small natural size — as shown in Plates I. and II. 

 In Figs. I to 4, Plate I., the capacity of the udder is sup- 

 posed to be doubled, according to size of udder shown, in 

 the successive posterior views and sections, so that udder. 

 Fig. 4, holds four times as much milk, when full, as the 

 small bag, Fig. i. And there are still larger sizes and 

 differences between the small udders of cows that are not 

 hand-milked and those that are kept specially to )'ield 

 milk at the pail. 



It is evident, then, that the great enlargement of the 

 bag — the udders that have increased in size and capacity, 

 in most instances since hand-milking began — is an effect, 



