30 Oattle Problems. 



row, and tlie muscles of the thighs are very full — as we 

 frequently see them in horses— the breech growth being 

 nearly perpendicular, in which form the weight strain in 

 the udder, particularly if the bag be set well forward draws 

 the skin of the thighs close against the flesh, to which it 

 grows, so preventing the reversal of the hair, except over 

 the narrow space that is concave. But in this narrow con- 

 cave, the skin is not drawn close to the flesh, hence the 

 hair over the narrow conca\ity, in the best cows of this 

 class, is reversed up to the vuha. The muscles immedi- 

 ately above the quarters of the bag are so full that weight 

 strain does not extend much above the top of the udder, 

 and the Yield Mark is exceptionally small, because the 

 thighs are almost vertical. Cows with a nearly per- 

 pendicular breech are only exceptionally or rarely met 

 with, the thigh growth receding from the vulva down, in a 

 very large majority. 



In class 3 and 4, of Guenon, the muscles of the thighs 

 and twist are full down to the top of the Yield Mark ; 

 under this index of yield, the flesh surface recedes to- 

 ward the junction of the milk glands. The fullness of 

 the muscles above leads to the growth of the skin to the 

 flesh, so preventing the reversal of the hair to any greater 

 hight. And the same holds, as to class 4, in which, how- 

 ever, the flesh of the twist is full farther down, this fullness 

 invading the top of the Yield Mark and forming the 

 crotch or forked form of mark shown on page 71 of Guenon, 

 and in Fig. 4, Plate V., of this work. This forked form 

 is exceptional, being seldom seen on cows. The 5th class 

 of Guenon are small yielding cows, the weight of their 

 yield averaging small, accordingly the Yield Mark from 

 weight strain does not extend far upwards. The sharp 

 corners are very rarely seen on the twist. The same is also 

 true of the 7th class ; the concavity in the lower part of the 

 twist narrowing to a blunt point. Over this concavity, 



