Guenon Examined. 31 



the skin is loose, and a small Yield Mark, corresponding 

 with the weight and strain of yield, is formed by the weight 

 strain in the udder, which reverses the natural direction of 

 the hair, so forming the small sized Index to yield. The 

 8th class is too small in yield to require consideration. 



Much has been said about bastard or spurious marks on 

 cows, disparaging to the cows so marked, because they dry 

 up early and rapidly. But so far from this being a spurious 

 characteristic, it really indicates strong breeding power. 

 Cows that dry up their yield early have strong breeding 

 desire, or strong instinct; and they dry rapidly, because the 

 necessary contractility of their Artery wall muscles is not 

 weakened by relaxation, hence they are enabled to rapidly 

 reduce the flow of breeding blood to the udder, thereby 

 increasing the supply to the embryo, which is the cause of 

 their drying their yield off early and rapidly, and of their 

 breeding large calves, as they usually do. In fact they are 

 the surest breeders among milk cows, because they devote 

 their large amount of breeding blood to the breeding 

 function during a longer period while they are pregnant. 

 They yield as much milk as other cows, but they retain 

 control of the blood which supplies the udder* because 

 their arteries are not relaxed, and they dry up their yield 

 by closing the udder supply arteries, and diverting the 

 blood to the embryo, to sustain it, as is naturally required 

 to enlarge its growth. 



The yield of these imperfectly marked cows is large 

 enough and heavy enough to form the outlines of large 

 Yield Marks ; but its weight in the udder does not con- 

 tinue long enough to reverse all the hair, hence some of it 

 remains in streaks more or less unreversed. Another rea- 

 son why portions of the hair remains "bristling" is, that 

 the sudden shrinkage of the yield of bastard marked cows, 



*Read explanation in chapter on Cause of Abortion in Cowp, 



