OHAPTEE y. 



Variations in the Form of the Yield Mark. 



They Result from Variations in Yield, and in Form of 

 Breech Growth. 



The variations in form of Yield Marks are very nu- 

 merous, and some of them have been supposed to liave, or 

 to result from, some subtle or mysterious connection with 

 yield ; but difference in outline form of the mark has no 

 influence on, or particular signification as to, quantity or 

 quality of milk. 



Gravity, or weight-force, pertains to all matter, whether 

 in huge masses, or separated into atoms ; or, compounded 

 in a liquid form, as in water or milk. And the com- 

 ponent elements of milk, have as much weight-force after 

 as before, being mingled together in the milk glands. 

 Hence, there is always downward pressure in the udder, 

 according to the quantity of milk in its glands ; with a 

 strain on the root ends of the hair — as previousl}' ex- 

 plained — in proportion to the weight of the milk and 

 glands ; the degree of weight being constantl)' propor- 

 tioned to the size and weight of the full glands, whether 

 these milk-forming organs be large, small, or of any inter- 

 mediate size ; or whether the cows be tall or low, or 

 narrow or wide, in their breech form of growth. For in- 

 stance : If the twist be widish, as is the case in many loii' 

 cows, the loose, or upper part of the udder-skin will also 

 be widish, as its attachments are made to the firm flesh of 

 the thighs ; 7iot to the hollow or concave space between 

 them. In tall, narrow cows, the breech is apt to be nar- 



