GO Cattle Problems. 



udder supply arteries, thereafter, to form the milk for 

 nourishing the same embryo, now a calf, at the udder. Nat- 

 urally the udder is so small that it contains but half a gal- 

 lon or so of milk at once, being emptied quite often by 

 the calf, which sucks less, daily, after it begins to graze, 

 the yield generally drying up as the calf begins to subsist 

 by grazing; so that by the time the calf's teeth are quite 

 hard — which varies — the i.owi generally dry themselves 

 by gradually diverting tlio iiiaijiir ' ■, blood to the embryo. 



In four to eight weeks after' calving, cows gain in con- 

 dition, from having no calf to nourish, and come into 

 heat, by reason of more blood, and blood-heat being con- 

 veyed to, and stimulating the ovaries, from which coup- 

 ling again arises ; and the embryo breeding stage again 

 succeeds as before. This is the natural use of the breeding 

 blood, the breeding arteries, and the udder. For, such 

 are the natural means of supporting the calf by suckling at 

 the udder, until it becomes self-supporting ; hence the 

 udder is a breeding organ, as a necessity to perpetuate the 

 breed. 



Commercially, and under artificial training, the course 

 is so different, in several particulars, that it seems neces- 

 sary to point out some of the variations from the natural 

 way. 



First : Instead of the udder being dried in a few weeks 

 after calving, and the cow going naturally into heat from 

 the influence of more blood and heat in the ovarian blood- 

 vessels, her milk increases after the calf is taken a^^•ay ; 

 and so small a quantity of blood is left, after supplying 

 this increase of milk, that the ovarian region is but scanti- 

 ly supplied with blood, and coupling heat comes on quite 

 slowly ; so much so that cows of large )-ield, in a number of 

 instances, fail to come into heat or to breed, as there is not 

 a sufficient amount of blood heat in the region about the 

 ovaries to fully mature the ova, and insure impregnation. 



