Yield Mark Transmitted. ^9 



growth is acquired only, and is not vital or natural. Nor 

 is it even acquired by the male. Nor does it appear that 

 a bull can transmit large size — except from ancestral influ- 

 ence, in a part in which he is usually smaller than the cow. 



Yielding milk by pregnant cows is an acquired habit; 

 and the power to transmit a tendency to yield largely, 

 must have been previously inherited from the cow, where 

 it originates. This holds as to large hind quarters ; the 

 large milk-forming power, and the enlarged part of the 

 udder growth, which might be dispensed with — as is the 

 case, to a considerable extent, in cattle that roam pro- 

 miscuously on the wide ranges of Texas and South 

 America — without danger to life. This is true of all the 

 peculiar characteristics of artificial or acquired capacity to 

 store milk; the natural capacity to yield milk, or form it, 

 not here being under consideration. 



Naturally, digestive power provides the blood, which is 

 the basis of milk yield ; but large hind quarters and large 

 udders result, mainly, from milking cows that are breed- 

 ing, which induces a larger flow of blood into the mam- 

 mary arteries, both sets of which are located within the 

 hind quarters. 



Bulls descended from cows that have never been hand- 

 milked transmit the vital parts — the muscles, nerves and 

 bones — as readily as those descended from cows of large 

 yield. But the original power to tisxiswX. peculiar growth, 

 or acquired forms, resulting from large milk-yield or stor- 

 age, primarily, is with the cow ; hence the Yield Mark 

 must be inherited by the bull before he can transmit it 

 in any degree ; and the bull's power to transmit must be 

 much weaker than that of cows, from being indirectly de- 

 rived ; and secondary as to time of origin. 



These facts were not understood by Guenon, and seem 

 to have escaped the notice of his copyists, none of whom, 

 that we are aware of, have stated the distinction between 



