82 Oattle Problems. 



in the tissues, from the carbon and other matters of the 

 blood ; and is constantly renewed by tissue changes. 



Different colors or shades in the hides of cattle are met 

 with. For instance : a pale skin indicates thin watery 

 blood ; which is probably due to deficient exercise and 

 breathing ; while a yellow skin is due to oily exudations 

 daily occuring, and being oxydized, or turned yellow by 

 exposure to the air, as cream becomes yellow and more 

 yellow, the longer it is exposed to the oxygen of the air. 



The yellow skin in Devon and other cattle having their 

 skin action vigorously performed, is in a measure probably 

 due to the long repeated daily action of oxygen on the 

 oil of the skin. The dandruff on the udder and else- 

 where, being the dried remains of cast-off epithelial cells 

 that are loosened and separated from the skin. 



The exudations of the skin indicate to some extent the 

 quality of food and blood; watery blood leaving the skin 

 dry, and the hair harsh, because the exuded water evapor- 

 ates, leaving the hair dry and rough; while oily exudations 

 adhere to the skin for a considerable time, softening both 

 skin and hair ; maintaining the soft mellow condition of 

 each, as a constitutional effect or quality. 



A bright or brightish and full eye indicates a vigorous 

 circulation, and full or great nervous force ; which, in cat- 

 tle, is the effect of a vigorous, active muscular system ; 

 the nerves in cattle being usually subordinate to muscular 

 growth. 



Smooth, waxy horns usually accompany good handling 

 quality of skin ; dark colored, dry, rough horns, indicat- 

 ing bad temper, and poor quality in the flesh. 



Various Animal Products 



Have some distinguishing characteristics. Cream is yel- 

 lower than milk at first ; which seems to show that the 

 ingredients that form fat globules or butter contain more 



