Tenderness in Cattle. 95 



tivity or lack of out-door exercise, as the cause of tender- 

 ness, and the evident and ready remedy and preventive 

 is special exercise* to any extent required for cattle, 

 according to the rules applied in the conspicuous case of 

 horses, when voluntary activity — of which the best colts 

 get the most — is insufficient, as it evidently is when tlie 

 muscular proportion is reduced below that prevailing in 

 generally active and healthy cattle of any of the various 

 breeds. It is also clear that heat can be developed in the 

 substance of the skin, and in proportion to its thickness 

 in cattle that are regularly active, and make blood accord- 

 ing to activity in body and in breathing, this being as true 

 of cattle as of colts and active horses. 



*"Exerci8e also, it is well known, increases the production"of heat. It is 

 throiigli tlie increased activity of the circulation that the body is warmed by 

 exercise. That is the reason why walking is so eilectual in warming the 

 feet, and why exercise of any land raises the temperature of the part.s em- 

 ployed, and of the whole body when it is all in motion." — Huxley and You- 

 man's Phys., p. 43.3. 



