25G Oattle Problems. 



portion or disproportion, the peculiar form of many cows 

 of large yield, seen in their large hind quarters, is devel- 

 oped gradually, and at the expense of their general growth 

 during their heifer-hood, or growing years ; as after full 

 growth there can be no material increase in general size, 

 nor much change in their form of frame. 



We may explain a little further the origin of large hind 

 quarters, and large udder. The increased size in the hind 

 quarters of itself shows that large yield, by small cows, is 

 at the expense of their general growth, as the full natural 

 size and proportion of the fore quarters would be main- 

 tained, if the blood-supply and its nutrition were there in 

 their full, natural proportion. But limited digestion can- 

 not supply unlimited demand ; the demand at the pail be- 

 ing unlimited, while the natural demand in the fore quar- 

 ter, or half of the cow, for blood nutrition, is evidently 

 not fully supplied. 



The larger size in the hind quarters of milk cows of any 

 size, but met with mainly in middle-sized cows, with large 

 udders that yield well, is due primarily and principally to 

 hand-milking, which, with special supplies of.similar feed, 

 enlarges the milk yield. 



As continued yield evidently results from special feed, 

 and demand at the pail, we confine ourselves to interme- 

 diate results : — 



I. Increase of feed leads to increase in the bulk of blood 

 from which milk is formed ; and the increase of blood is in 

 the same degree that the bulk of milk-yield is increased to, 

 both results, of course, being according to increase of feed 

 and its digestion. To save labor and time in milking, the 

 udder and glands have long been used for the temporary 

 storage of milk, in semi-daily supplies ; the twelve-hour 

 yield being stored in the udder, and taken at one milking, 

 instead of being drawn at four or five times by the calf 

 When drained by the calf, the udder is kept small and 



