2<J4 Cattle Problems. 



of the blood-veE ,cls in the hind quarters; through a num- 

 ber of years, or duinig several generations, perhaps, if the 

 feed and close niilking giving rise to this tendency be 

 continued, the increase in bulk of blood and blood-vessels 

 occupying an increased space ; (he blood being thus in- 

 creased in the hind-quarter region, ready to supply the 

 milk-glands. 



Thus the blood-flow toward the udder enlarges the mus- 

 cular extent and vascularity of the hind quarters, which 

 naturally leads to increase in frame growth, to support the 

 augmented bulk and weight of blood, blood-vessels and 

 muscle, and other augmented substances, in the larger 

 hind-quarter growth. • And it is apparent that large frame 

 growth, and depth in the hind quarters —whether the fore- 

 quarter growth corresponds or not — is important in the 

 form of milk cows, as without the necessary space in prox- 

 imity to the udder, for containing a large supply of blood, 

 the necessary quantity of blood to supply a large yield 

 cannot be present near the udder. It may be that strong 

 breeding instinct, which through the nerves certainly con- 

 trols the blood-flow in certain parts, as in drying up the 

 udder by divei'ting blood to the embryo, induces a larger 

 flow of blood to the vessels of the hind quarters. Be this 

 as it may, the blood must occupy space, and when near 

 the udder, is available for increasing milk-yield. A large 

 net-work of blood-vessels in the upper twist shows that, 

 in such instances, there is much blood in the vicinity of 

 the udder. We must repeat here some remarks on form, 

 and other points. A light head, neck, tail, and bones, in- 

 dicate a light demand for blood in these parts, leaving a 

 larger surplus than if such parts were large, to increase the 

 milk-yield. This is their signification, instead of the mys- 

 tical influence that some writers and cattle dealers ascribe 

 to them. 



A narrow face generally accompanies a long, narrow 



