286 TROPICAL AGRICULTURE 



used in medicine and perfumery, especially in the Orient. 

 Sandalwood oil is also obtained from various other species 

 of Santalum, including 6". freycinetianum, S. pyrularium, and 

 S. haleakalcB of Hawaii, and also from 5". cygnorum and S. 

 preissianum of Australia. In Mysore, sandalwood planta- 

 tions belong to the government. Large quantities of wood 

 are shipped from that region to Europe where the wood is 

 used chiefly for distillation to obtain sandalwood oil. 



The trade in sandalwood was at one time an important in- 

 dustry in Hawaii. This material was largely shipped to the 

 Orient where it was used in the preparation of chests and 

 fancy boxes, and also for the preparation of the oil and its 

 subsequent use in perfumes. The tree has been practically 

 exterminated in Hawaii as a result of the indiscriminate meth- 

 ods of harvesting. 



Cinnamon oil, as the name indicates, is obtained from the 

 chips or waste and broken pieces of cinnamon. Large quan- 

 tities of this waste material accumulate during the preparation 

 of the cinnamon quills. Cinnamon oil has been much adul- 

 terated with the essential oil of the cinnamon leaves. Cassia 

 oil is derived from cassia bark and is of a much ranker odor 

 and of a correspondingly lower value. The cultivation of the 

 cassia tree as a source of oil is carried on chiefly in southern 

 China. The oil is obtained principally from the leaves. A 

 similar oil is derived from the bark, flowers, and twigs, but 

 the process of distillation of the leaves is cheaper. Cassia 

 oil has been found to be much adulterated with resin. The 

 true cinnamon chips yield J4 to i per cent, of oil. This oil is 

 extensively used in perfumery and in medicine. The United 

 States imports 125,000 pounds of cassia and cinnamon oils 

 annually. 



Gurjun balsam oil is derived from a balsam which exudes 

 from the stem of a tall tree (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) , native 

 of India. This balsam is quite largely used to adulterate co- 

 paiba balsam. 



