THE FISH FAUNA OF NORTH CAROLINA. 23 



erel", "cavallies", "boneto's", "blue-fish", "red drum", "black drum-fish", 

 "angel-fish" (spade-fish), "bass, or rock-fish", "sheeps-heads", "plaice", 

 "flounders", "soles", "mullets", "shad", "fat-backs" (menhaden), "white 

 guard" (fresh-water gar) , "green guard" (marine gar), "congar eels", "lam- 

 prey-eels", "eels", "sun-fish" (perhaps the common pompano, by which 

 name the fish is still known at Beaufort), "toad-fish", "sea-tench" (identified 

 by Dr. Theodore Gill as the tautog*), "trouts of the salt-water" (squeteagues) , 

 "crocus", "smelts" (silversides?), "bream", and"taylors" (young blue-fish) . 

 The fresh-water species enumerated are "sturgeon", "jack, pike or pick- 

 erel", "trouts" (brook trout), "gudgeon", "English pearch" (yellow perch, 

 now called "Englishman"), "brown pearch, or Welchmen" (black bass, still 

 so called), "flat, mottled pearch, or Irishman" (crappy), "round-robins" 

 (sun-flsh), "carp", "roach", "dace", "loaches" (killi-fi^hes?), "sucking-fish" 

 (a name still used in the Albemarle section for suckers), "cat-fish", "grindals", 

 "old-wives" (alewives), "fountain-fish", and "white-fish". 



The author has published (1893) a table of common names applied to certain 

 fishes of the Albemarle region, where some very inappropriate and singular 

 names are in use, including some mentioned by Lawson. The wall-eyed pike 

 or pike perch (Stizostedion vitreum) is sometimes called "salmon" or "California 

 salmon"; the yellow perch is known as "red-fin", "raccoon perch", and "Eng- 

 lishman"; the large-mouth black bass is called "chub" and "Welshman"; the 

 strawberry bass is the "speckled perch" on all parts of the soiind; the gizzard 

 shad {Dorosoma cepedianum) is generally known as "nanny shad", which desig- 

 nation, togther with "nancy shad", is also employed in other sections of the 

 state; and various small minnows {Notropis, Hybognathus) are generally known 

 as "chobies" (doubtless a corruption of anchovies). 



Among the vernacular fish names which appear to be restricted to North 

 Carolina may be mentioned "black-fish" (grindle) , " shad " (menhaden), "nanny 

 shad" or "nancy shad" (mud shad), "gourd-fish" (butter-fish), "oyster-fish" 

 (tautog), "cabio" (crab-eater; called "cabby-yew" in Bermuda; the name 

 cobia usually given this fish is not known to American fishermen, and may have 

 originally been a misprint for cabio), "jimmy" (spot), "sea-mink" (king-fish), 

 "Englishman" (yellow perch), "Welshman" (black bass), "robin" and "robin 

 perch" (sun-fishes), and "steamboat" (triple-tail). 



*Forest and Stream, May 30, 1003. 



