SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF FISHES. 253 



Key to the North Carolina genera of darters. 

 i. Size comparatively large, adults 5 inches or longer; head broad between eyes; premaxU- 

 laries free only at sides, not protractile; snout conic, pig-like, projecting; ventral fans separ- 

 ated by a space equal to the width of their base; on median hne below a hne of la^e scales 



which fall o£F, leaving a naked space; dorsal spines 13 to 15 I^RCINA. 



a. Size small, rarely more than 5 inches and usually 2.5 to 4 inches; head narrow between 

 eyes; premaxillaries either protractile or not; snout httle or not at all projectmg. 

 o. Parietal region rather depressed, only slightly convex in cross section. 



6. Body more or less completely scaled, not extremely elongate nor hyalme. 



c. Premaxillaries not protractile, a band of skin connecting them in the median 

 with line the forehead; anal fin large, usually larger than second dorsal. 

 d. Median line of abdomen usually with more or less enlarged scales which are 



shed at intervals Hadhoptbkus. 



dd. Median line of abdomen with small scales which are not shed. .Htpohomtjs. 

 ec. Premaxillaries protractile, separated by a groove from the skin of the forehead. 

 e. Anal spines 2; ventral fins close together, 

 i/. Maxillary not joined to preorbital except at base; teeth on vomer. 



Ulocentba. 



//. Maxillary united to preorbital for most of its length; no t«eth on vomer. 



• DiPLBSION. 



ee. Anal spine single; ventral fins well separated Boleoboma. 



66. Abdominal region naked, body exceedingly elongate and hyaline. Ioa. 



aa. Parietal region not depressed, strongly convex or n-shaped in cross section; premaxil- 

 a.laries not protractile; belly covered with persistent scales; head na,ked above; anal 

 fin much smaller than second dorsal; ventral fins inserted close together; lateral line . 

 present. ic i? 



g. Lateral Une straight, sometimes absent posteriorly; dorsal spines 7 to 15. 1i,theostoma. 

 gg. Lateral line arched anteriorly, incomplete -and interrupted. 



h. Top of head naked; dorsal spines 9 or 10 Boleichthts. 



hh. Top of head scaled; dorsal spines 9 to 12 Copelandelltjb. 



Genus PERCINA Haldeman. Log Perches. 

 The largest of the darters. Form elongate, somewhat compressed; head 

 depressed; snout tapering, overhanging small mouth; maxillary short; premax- 

 illaries not protractile; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; scales small, those oii 

 ventral surface large, plate-like, and deciduous; lateral line not interrupted; air- 

 bladder rudimentary; dorsal fins well separated, the anterior with 13 to 15 spines, 

 the posterior with 12 to 17 rays; anal shortei than second dorsal; ventrals com- 

 paratively widely separated; body marked with black vertical bands. Two 

 known species, one pecuhar to the Roanoke Eiver, in Virginia, the other widely 

 distributed. (Percina, little perch.) 



215. PEROINA OAPKODES (Rafinesque). 

 Log Perch; Hog Molly. 



Scioena caprodes Rafinesque, American Monthly Magazine, 1818, 634; Ohio River. 



Percina caprodes, Jordan, 18896, 153; Swannanoa River near Asheville. Jordan & Evermann, 1896, 1026, 

 pi. clxv, fig. 436. Bean, 1903, 914; Cane River. 



DiAGONSis. — Depth contained 5 to 6.5 times in length; head long, contained 4 to 4.75 

 times in length; mouth small, inferior, maxillary not extending to eye; eye .25 length of head 

 and .6 length of snout; snout rounded, tapering; scales in lateral series SO to 95, in transverse 

 series 9 + 15; scales on cheeks, opercles, and nape, but none on chest; dorsal fins low, the rays 

 xiil to xvn+ 12 to 17, the commonest formula xv + 15; anal rays ii,9 to ii,12, the spines feeble; 

 caudal slightly concave behind; pectorals rounded, about length of head. Color: yellowish 

 green, with about 15 blackish bars of unequal size extendiag from back to below median line, 

 between these bars shorter and narrow ones reaching about to lateral lines; a rounded black 

 spot at base of caudal; fins mostly marked with rows of small black spots, {caprodes, pig-like.) 



