16 IMPROVED VU. UNIMPROVED LAND 
keeps them down to the lowest figure will have an obvious 
advantage over the man who is remiss or unskilful in 
this regard. One way by which the costs of production 
may be kept down by the individual exporter is to grow 
a few varieties specially suited to the market he is grow- 
ing for, and to produce each of those varieties in large 
quantities. By so doing he will simplify the operations of 
planting, pruning, spraying, cultivating, and orchard 
management generally, as well as facilitate the processes 
of picking, packing, and marketing. 
And there is also another important reason why the 
policy just outlined is the one best calculated to secure 
success in orcharding in British Columbia. The rail- 
ways and other transportation companies of Canada will 
all carry a freight carload (minimum 10 tons of 2,000 
pounds each) for a considerably lower proportional rate 
than they will carry 1 ton for over the same distance. 
Hence a whole carload of any one commodity, all of the 
same kind, quality, and degree, is not only a more readily 
saleable unit, but it costs very much less to move about. 
For these reasons, and for others arising out of them, 
the man who is in a position to grow fruit on a fairly 
large scale will be wiser to make his orchard for himself, 
plant the varieties he considers it expedient to plant, 
and aim generally at simplicity and economy of produc- 
tion, and saving of effort in marketing. These ends he 
is obviously not so likely to secure if he buys an orchard 
of the older character, with its multiplicity of varieties, 
and in all probability with numerous other features, all 
alike inimical to commercial production on a large and 
economical scale. 
