58 SPRAYING—THINNING 
stirred after the Paris green is put in, as it will not 
dissolve. 
3. Arsenate of Lead.—With 40 gallons of water mix 
3 pounds of arsenate of lead, which is a paste. Use rain- 
water, and mix thoroughly. 
4. Whale Oil Solution —Whale oil soap, 7 pounds ; 
quassia chips, 8 pounds; water, 100 gallons. Boil the 
quassia chips for one hour ; dissolve the soap in hot water. 
Strain each, then mix together and make up to 100 gallons. 
The purposes for which these several sprays are used 
will be made plain in the next following chapter. 
Spraying ImpLEMENTS.—For spraying small orchards 
or small trees it is sufficient to use a hand sprayer, a tin 
cylinder some 22 inches long, which a man can sling on 
his back or under his arm. After putting in the spray 
solution, you pump in air by means of a pump, which 
forms part of the apparatus. This gives a pressure, and 
when you open the valve the liquid spray comes out with 
great force. Its fineness is regulated by the nozzle. It 
is of the utmost importance that all sprays should go on 
to the trees in as fine a mist as possible. That and 
thoroughly covering every part of the tree are the secrets 
of success in this operation. 
In larger orchards and for larger trees some sort of 
spray pump fixed on wheels, or a sort of sleigh for steep 
slopes, must be used. One man drives the horse and 
pumps, a second man holds the rubber pipe with the 
nozzle on it and directs the spray. A bamboo rod can 
be attached to the end of the rubber hose to give a more 
efficient control over the direction of the spray, and to 
enable the operator to reach the inner recesses of larger 
