CHAPTER XI 
INSECT PESTS—DISEASES—REMEDIES 
As yet the orchards of British Columbia are commendably 
free from the worst and most dangerous enemies of the 
insect world. Neither San José scale nor the apple-worm 
(codling moth) has got a footing in the province. Certain 
fungoid diseases and certain diseases which appear to owe 
their origin to peculiar conditions of the weather in spring 
are the principal enemies that the British Columbia 
orchardist has to fight against. 
Insect Pests.—The Tent Caterpillar makes his appear- 
ance almost every year in some part or other of the 
orchard. You will detect him by his whitish-looking net 
or web hanging near the end of a twig, or by observing 
all the leaves eaten off on some slender branch. As 
soon as you see this web, cut it off with all the 
caterpillars—smallish black creatures with coppery- 
yellow spots all over them—inside it and burn it. You 
must cut it off early in the morning or else after sunset. 
During the day many of the caterpillars will be away 
from home foraging amongst the branches of the tree. 
Oyster-Shell Scale, or Bark Louse, is a minute organism 
shaped like a tiny sickle which sticks like a limpet close to 
the bark of the tree. The insects themselves are hidden 
under the shells, and are only active for about three weeks 
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