HINTS ON COLLECTING AND MOUNTING OAK GaLLs. 41 
be out of reach. It is especially useful for cutting off 
galled catkins, and Teras terminalis. 
A walking stick is a useful, although not necessary, 
part of the collector’s equipment; because with knife 
or saw a sapling can be obtained which when ten or 
fifteen feet high is of greater value than the ordinary 
companion. 
A small tenon saw will facilitate the acquisition of 
specimens of Dichena quercina when on large oak 
stems. A little tallow in a tin box will be wanted, to 
smear on the saw and prevent binding when cutting 
thick green wood. 
Field glasses are useful in detecting small galls 
high up in large trees. Galls of Andricus cirratus, A. 
nudus, and A. pilosus are not easy to see at a distance 
of eight or ten feet above one’s head. ‘An alternative 
is to prune catkin-bearing twigs until galls are 
obtained; but that method is destructive and not 
recommended. 
The collector should always have a strong knife. 
There are many ways in which it is useful. 
A small fern-trowel (Fig. 3) with narrow blade is 
wanted when the root galls are sought; it is also 
helpful when stripping off a piece of bark with 
Spathegaster Taschenbergi or Trigonaspis crustalis 
upon it. , 
A large sheet of newspaper or brown paper is of 
great value. Without it galls are often lost. A few 
30 em. lengths of brown string should not be for- 
gotten. 
A note-book and pencil are absolutely necessary. 
Particular spots where galls have been, or are to be 
found, should be entered, with dates when found, or 
when the places should be re-visited to observe develop- 
ments in growth, or to remove the specimens under 
observation. Rough outlines of: the places, such as 
will refresh the memory and act as guides without 
loss of time, are also desirable. 
The collector will frequently find galls that are not 
