52 BRITISH OAK GALLS. 
apex, which is bluntly pointed or sometimes mam- 
milated. It is hard and woody, with very thin walls 
which form a large larval cavity without an inner gall. 
The exterior is covered with short, simple, yellowish 
hairs, most of which fall away when the gall is past 
maturity and the surface becomes rough. 
“The gall is very similar to that of pilosus, but 
generally the latter may be known by being somewhat 
larger, not so globular, stouter, and not tapering so 
much at the apex, as a rule, nearly as broad as at the 
base; the hair is longer” (‘Brit. Phyto. Hymen..,’ vol. 
iv, p. 94). 
On account of their very small size these galls easily 
escape observation, but their presence may often be 
detected if catkins with bent and thickened stalks are 
carefully examined with the aid of a pocket lens. 
The imago is very small, about 1:7 mm. long; yellow, 
and orange in colour; wings hyaline. It eats its way 
out of the gall during the latter part of June or quite 
early in July. 
The galls do not fall, and often remain, together 
with the stalk, on the tree throughout the summer. 
Andricus circulans, Mayr. 
(Plate V, div. C.) 
Andricus circulans, Cameron, Fitch, Mosley. 
English name of gall.—< The Turkey Oak Bud Gall.” 
Position of gall.—In axillary buds of Q. cerris. 
Manner of growth.—Glabrous, glossy, gregarious, con- 
glomerated. 
Colours.—Yellowish-brown, red, reddish-brown. 
Average dimensions of a mature specimen.— Height, 
4mm.; breadth, 15 mm.; girth, 45 mm. 
May be sought during any month of the year. 
Growth is complete by the end of August. 
The typical condition of the gall is unilocular and unilarval. 
The larva pupates in the gall. The imago emerges during May. 
Parasite, No. 18. 
Alternate agamous generation (according to Beyerinck), 
Cynips Kollari, Hartig. 
