APHILOTHRIX FECUNDATRIX. 85 
When it reaches this condition it is an indication that 
the gall is about to be pushed out, and this soon takes 
place, g. The central scales continue to lengthen for 
some time after the gall has gone (f), but their growth 
is dependent upon the condition of the season, whether 
it be early or late when the gall falls; if the latter, 
no change takes place in the length of the scales. 
These scales separate somewhat from one another, but 
the whole cluster remains on the twig or branch 
throughout the winter; the coldest and roughest 
weather seemingly has no power to dislodge them. 
The new growth in the spring usually pushes them off 
(see Plate XXII, div. B). 
They are mostly sessile and axillary in their situation ; 
many, however, are elevated on a peduncle 20 mm. or 
more long, and many others are in a terminal position. 
Soon after the gall has fallen to the ground it 
attains maturity. The exterior becomes hard and firm, 
the colour deepens to a reddish-brown, and it is difficult 
to find amongst dead leaves, grass, loose earth, etc. 
It remains in that condition for a period which 
may extend to two and a half years, before the imago 
issues from it. Some galls, however, do not leave the 
scales from various causes, the principal being the 
presence of parasites or inquilines instead of the 
rightful owner. Such examples are occasionally found 
in the winter and spring. 
These strobiliform growths are exceedingly common 
all over England, and are found more plentifully on 
bushes and young trees than on large trees during the 
months of June and October, both inclusive, in a fresh 
state, varying according to the locality, and in the old 
condition for many months more. 
Cameron and Fitch both state that the larve and 
pupe of a Tortrix, Carpocapsa juliana, may be commonly 
found among the leaf-scales and the imago easily 
reared. 
