CYNIPS KOLLARI. 103 
May be sought during any month of the year. 
Growth is complete by the end of August. 
The typical condition of the gall is unilocular and unilarval. 
The larva pupates in the gall. The imago emerges during 
September and October. 
Parasites, Nos. 44, 51, 52, 54, 57, 61, 68, 108, 116, 179. 
Inquilines, Nos. 17, 130, 182, 134, 137. 
Alternate sexual generation: (According to Beyerinck), 
Andricus circulans, Mayr. 
“These galls are not acorns, as the oak would have 
willed that they should be, but are the nearest approach 
to acorns that the oak can produce under its affliction. 
; The gall consists of two parts,—the larger is 
spherical . . . and represents the carpel of the 
acorn, or the acorn proper, and the saucer-shaped 
cushion, on which it rests, represents the cupule 
or cup, or calyx; the small pointed process 
exactly opposite the point of attachment being the 
persistent stigma of the acorn.” EH. Newman, ‘The 
Entomologist,’ No. 135, p. 28+. 
A very great amount of interest surrounds this gall. 
The casual observer is attracted by its globular 
form; warm brown colour; solid and hard texture. 
Noticed by such, usually when hedgerows are leafless, 
or perhaps in a collection of galls, or in a museum 
case, little thought is given to its rightful place in gall 
nomenclature; consequently it is more frequently 
spoken of as the oak-apple, than by its correct name 
of oak-marble. 
The gallist, however, regards the brownish sphere 
as replete with most interesting features. 
At one time it was the subject of a great amount of 
entomological literature, and correspondence; and 
probably its remarkable qualities will continue to 
furnish themes for many writers. 
Cynips Kollavi made its appearance in England 
about seventy-four years ago. In the year 1834 it was 
observed in Devonshire by Mr. Jordan, but he did 
not make the discovery known to entomologists, until 
