CYNIPS TINOTORIA. 141 
GALLS CAUSED BY 
CYNIPS TINCTORIA 
on twigs of Q. pubescens. 
CYNIPS CALICIS 
on cupules of Q. pedunculata. 
(?— undetermined) 
on cupules of Q. Ilex. 
Cynips tinctoria, Mayr. 
(Plate LX, div. B.) 
English names of gall.—<The Aleppo Gall,” “The Ink 
Marble.” 
Position of gall.—On twigs of Q. pubescens. 
The gall caused by this species is so little known and 
so seldom seen that a brief notice of it may be useful 
to the student. 
It will be seen upon reference to Plate XXXV, 
figs. 1, 2, 3,; and Plate LX, div. B, that C. tinctoria 
bears a very close resemblance to C. Kollari, and many 
specimens of the latter might be easily mistaken for 
the Aleppo gall. 
But tinctoria, when mature, is very much harder in 
texture than Kollari in the same condition, and the 
cell-walls are quite stone-like. Itis surprising that the 
imago is able to eat a way out through so hard a 
texture. 
C. tinctoria is about the same size as Kollari and 
grows in the same positions. 
It is found in various parts of Turkey, principally 
