CYNIPS CALICIS. 148 
Cynips calicis, Burgsdorff. 
(Plate LXI, div. A.) 
English name of gall.—‘“ The Knopper Gall.” 
- Position of gall.—On the cupules of Q. pedunculata. 
From Jersey, the Channel Isles. 
This gall is plentiful on the Continent where it is 
known as the “ Knopper Gall” (the gall-nut). 
It occurs principally on Quercus pedunculata, but 
also on Q. sessiliflora, and makes its appearance in 
May and June. 
It consists of two parts, a thick outer cone-shaped 
structure, and a small larva cell. The outer structure 
develops from between the acorn and the cupule, 
sometimes interfering with the growth of both those 
parts to so great an extent that they are abortive. It 
assumes the shape of a truncated cone strongly ribbed 
radiately, the edges of the ribs being uneven, indented, 
or drawn out to a point especially around the base. 
At the apical part is a small hole. The interior is 
hollow, approximately the same shape as the exterior, 
usually about 12 mm. diameter, and 4mm. at the hole. 
In some specimens a thin transverse partition divides 
the interior into two parts. Attached to the base of 
this hollow is the larva cell, which is ovoid in shape, 
5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad. 
The imago eats its way out through the base of the 
radiate structure, or, through the partition and escapes 
through the hole, during February or March of 
the following year. 
The structure remains attached by the peduncle to 
the tree throughout the winter. 
I am not aware of any record of its occurrence in 
England. The specimens illustrated were forwarded 
to me from Jersey in 1902. I think, however, it is 
not improbable that it may make its appearance in 
the southern counties, and therefore include it in the 
present series. ba 
A free or loose inner gall, like that of C. calicis, is 
also found in galls produced by C. cerricola on twigs 
and bark of Q. cerris, on the continent. 
