28 



MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS 



Lagenostoma (Lyginodendron) , and perhaps they may be spoken of 

 as the "cupule" style of stamen, in contrast with the "epaulet" style 

 of Crossotheca. In fact, it is altogether probable that Calymtnato- 

 iheca Stangeri (Stur in 1877), ^ stellate, six-rayed structure, repre- 

 sents the cupule-like investment of a seed that had dropped. On 

 the other hand, Arber (77) described from the coal fields of Germany 



what he regarded as a remarkably 

 small seed {Carpolithus Nathorstii) 

 occurring on the frond of a Sphenop- 

 teris; later Nathorst (81) investi- 

 gated its structure, and found it to 

 be not a seed, but a microsporan- 

 giate structure. Miss Benson (41) 

 has described a genus (Telangium) 

 of this Calymmatotheca type, to 

 include certain digitate clusters of 

 the Paleozoic, which she referred, 

 from indirect evidence, to Lygino- 

 dendron Oldhamium; but since the 

 stamen of that form has now been 

 determined by direct evidence, 

 Telangium remains to be connected, 

 possibly with some other form in- 

 cluded under the same name. 

 Telangium was described as terminal 

 kausii: portion of microsporophyll with on ultimate branches of the leaf, 



mature microsporangia; X 2. 5.— From but SCOTT (87) haS Concluded that 



photograph by KmsTON (64). ^^ synangial group of long and 



pointed sporangia was "seated on a flat disk or lamina, quite com- 

 parable to the fertile pinnule of Crossotheca. Sellards (40, 74), also, 

 has described a spore-bearing structure (Codonotheca) from the Coal- 

 measures of Illinois, which is a cup-shaped body composed of six 

 bladelike valves united below and free above, and bearing spores liber- 

 ated on the inside (fig. 24). The association of these structures with 

 the remains of Neuropteris suggests that they are stamens belonging 

 to some species of that frond genus. The stamens of Aneimites are 

 unknown, but intimately associated with the seed-bearing fronds there 



Fig. 



- Crossotheca Honing- 



