226 



MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS 



by scales on the long shoots of Pinus and Sciadopitys, the pe- 

 culiar double leaf of Sciadopitys, the deciduous habit of Larix, 

 che concrescent leaves of many of the Cupressineae, are all derived 

 characters, from forms with spreading and persistent needle leaves 

 on all the shoots. 



Fig. 255. — Taxodium mucronatum: the "big tree of Tule''; at the height of 2 m. 

 tlie trunk is 17 m. in diameter. 



The dwarfing of certain forms is also remarkable, and is induced 

 by culture in Japan to produce some extraordinary results. That 

 extreme dwarfing may also be induced in nature has been shown by 

 MacMillan (94), who has recorded such cases growing in the crevices 

 of the slate on the coast of Vancouver Island. The dwarfs observed 



